I am in 7th grade and I am already planning what I want to become․ I want to go to college and learn there, but I’m prefer to be human and I want to be a smart too because smart people always get better. I want to be a politican or buisnessman, but first in my life is my family. For me it’s hard to do homeworks, read many books and so on, but I complate it because I want to implement my dream and make happy to my family because my family proud of me and I’m too. Many people learn in collages, but they killing and doing more terrible things.
5-րդ դարի կես
Ավարայր գյուղի մոտ 451 թվականի մայիսի 26-ին ապստամբ հայկական ուժերի և պարսկական բանակի միջև տեղի ունեցած ճակատամարտ։ Վարդան Մամիկոնյանը Այրարատից իր զորքով գրոհը կատարեց թշնամուն ընդառաջ։ Պարսիկները իրենց զորքը հզորացնելու համար կռվի դաշտ են հանում մարտական փղերին։ Պատերազմը տեղի է ունենում Տղմուտ գետի ափում գտնվող մի գյուղում։ Պարսիկները շուտով մտան Վասպուրականի Արտազ գավառ։ Սպարապետը նախօրոք արդեն հավաքած է լինում 66 հազարանոց զորք և ընտրում է շատ լավ զորավարների որոնցից են՝ Ներշապուհ Արծրունուն, Թաթուլին և Խորեն Խորխոռունուն։ Ճակատամարտը սկսում է նետաձգությամբ, նիզականետությամբ և փոխադարձ գրոհով։ Վարդան Մամիկոնյանը պահեստազորի մի մասը նետում է կենտրոն՝ այնտեղ ճնշումը ուժեղացնելու համար։ Բայց հակառակորդի պահեստազորը՝ վերադասավորվելով, շրջապատում են իրենց թիկունքը թափանցած հայկական հեծելագնդին։ Անհավասար մարտում հերոսաբար զոհվում է նաև Վարդան Մամիկոնյանը։ Ճակատամարտը շարունակվում է մինչև օրվա վերջը։ Հայկական զորքերը երեկոյան քաշվում են Տղմուտի ձախ ափը և նահանջում երկրի խորքը։
Երկաթի և ծծումբի խարնուրդի բաժանումը ջրի և մագնիսի շնորհիվ
Երբ ծծումբը լցնում ենք ջրի մեջ այն բարձրանում է վերը և այն չի թրջվում և մնում է չոր, իսկ հետո լցնում ենք երկաթի փոշին որը ջրի մեջ նույնպես պահպանում է իր հատկությունները և մագնիսի շնորհիվ այն առանձնացնել փորձանոթից։
Այն կարելի է լցնել նաև թղթի վրա և մագնիսով հանել այն թղթից կստացվի առանձին ծծումբը և երկաթի փոշին:


Ջրի և ձեթի առանձնացումը
Ձեթի և ջրի խարնուրդը լցնում ենք բաժանիչ ձագարի մեջ և փակում, թողել մի քիչ ժամանակ որպեսզի առանձնանան իրարից։ Ջուրը իջնում է ներքև քանի որ նրա խտությունը ավելի քիչ է քան ձեթինը։ Բացում ենք ծորակը և հենց ջուրն առանձնանում է ձեթից փակում ենք այն։


The Gift of the Magi
ONE DOLLAR AND EIGHTY-SEVEN CENTS.
That was all. She had put it aside, one cent and then another and then
another, in her careful buying of meat and other food. Della counted
it three times. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day
would be Christmas.
There was nothing to do but fall on the bed and cry. So Della did it.
While the lady of the home is slowly growing quieter, we can
look at the home. Furnished rooms at a cost of $8 a week. There is lit-
tle more to say about it.
In the hall below was a letter-box too small to hold a letter. There
was an electric bell, but it could not make a sound. Also there was a
name beside the door: “Mr. James Dillingham Young.”
When the name was placed there, Mr. James Dillingham Young
was being paid $30 a week. Now, when he was being paid only $20 a
week, the name seemed too long and important. It should perhaps have
been “Mr. James D. Young.” But when Mr. James Dillingham Young
entered the furnished rooms, his name became very short indeed. Mrs.
James Dillingham Young put her arms warmly about him and called
him “Jim.” You have already met her. She is Della.
Della finished her crying and cleaned the marks of it from her face.
She stood by the window and looked out with no interest. Tomorrow
would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy
Jim a gift. She had put aside as much as she could for months, with this
result. Twenty dollars a week is not much. Everything had cost more
than she had expected. It always happened like that.
Only $ 1.87 to buy a gift for Jim. Her Jim. She had had many happy
hours planning something nice for him. Something nearly good enough.
Something almost worth the honor of belonging to Jim.
There was a looking-glass between the windows of the room. Per-
haps you have seen the kind of looking-glass that is placed in $8 fur-
nished rooms. It was very narrow. A person could see only a little of
himself at a time. However, if he was very thin and moved very quickly,
he might be able to get a good view of himself. Della, being quite thin,
had mastered this art.
Suddenly she turned from the window and stood before the glass.
Her eyes were shining brightly, but her face had lost its color. Quickly
she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its complete length.
The James Dillingham Youngs were very proud of two things which
they owned. One thing was Jim’s gold watch. It had once belonged to
his father. And, long ago, it had belonged to his father’s father. The
other thing was Della’s hair.
If a queen had lived in the rooms near theirs, Della would have
washed and dried her hair where the queen could see it. Della knew
her hair was more beautiful than any queen’s jewels and gifts.
If a king had lived in the same house, with all his riches, Jim would
have looked at his watch every time they met. Jim knew that no king had anything so valuable.
So now Della’s beautiful hair fell about her, shining like a falling
stream of brown water. It reached below her knee. It almost made itself
into a dress for her.
And then she put it up on her head again, nervously and quickly.
Once she stopped for a moment and stood still while a tear or two ran
down her face.
She put on her old brown coat. She put on her old brown hat.
With the bright light still in her eyes, she moved quickly out the door
and down to the street.
Where she stopped, the sign said: “Mrs. Sofronie. Hair Articles
of all Kinds.”
Up to the second floor Della ran, and stopped to get her breath.
Mrs. Sofronie, large, too white, cold-eyed, looked at her.
“Will you buy my hair?” asked Della.
“I buy hair,” said Mrs. Sofronie. “Take your hat off and let me look
at it.”
Down fell the brown waterfall.
“Twenty dollars,” said Mrs. Sofronie, lifting the hair to feel its
weight.
“Give it to me quick,” said Della.
Oh, and the next two hours seemed to fly. She was going from
one shop to another, to find a gift for Jim.
She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one
else. There was no other like it in any of the shops, and she had looked
in every shop in the city.
It was a gold watch chain, very simply made. Its value was in its
rich and pure material. Because it was so plain and simple, you knew
that it was very valuable. All good things are like this.
It was good enough for The Watch.
As soon as she saw it, she knew that Jim must have it. It was like
him. Quietness and value—Jim and the chain both had quietness and
value. She paid twenty-one dollars for it. And she hurried home with
the chain and eighty-seven cents.
With that chain on his watch, Jim could look at his watch and
learn the time anywhere he might be. Though the watch was so fine,
it had never had a fine chain. He sometimes took it out and looked at
it only when no one could see him do it.
When Della arrived home, her mind quieted a little. She began to
think more reasonably. She started to try to cover the sad marks of what
she had done. Love and large-hearted giving, when added together, can
leave deep marks. It is never easy to cover these marks, dear friends—
never easy.
Within forty minutes her head looked a little better. With her
short hair, she looked wonderfully like a schoolboy. She stood at the
looking-glass for a long time.
“If Jim doesn’t kill me,” she said to herself, “before he looks at me
a second time, he’ll say I look like a girl who sings and dances for money.
But what could I do—oh! What could I do with a dollar and eighty-
seven cents?”
At seven, Jim’s dinner was ready for him.
Jim was never late. Della held the watch chain in her hand and
sat near the door where he always entered. Then she heard his step in
the hall and her face lost color for a moment. She often said little prayers
quietly, about simple everyday things. And now she said: “Please God,
make him think I’m still pretty.”
The door opened and Jim stepped in. He looked very thin and he
was not smiling. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two—and with a fam-
ily to take care of! He needed a new coat and he had nothing to cover
his cold hands.
Jim stopped inside the door. He was as quiet as a hunting dog when
it is near a bird. His eyes looked strangely at Della, and there was an
expression in them that she could not understand. It filled her with fear.
It was not anger, nor surprise, nor anything she had been ready for. He
simply looked at her with that strange expression on his face.
Della went to him.
“Jim, dear,” she cried, “don’t look at me like that. I had my hair cut
off and sold it. I couldn’t live through Christmas without giving you a gift. My hair will grow again. You won’t care, will you? My hair grows
very fast. It’s Christmas, Jim. Let’s be happy. You don’t know what a
nice—what a beautiful nice gift I got for you.”
“You’ve cut off your hair?” asked Jim slowly. He seemed to labor
to understand what had happened. He seemed not to feel sure he
knew.
“Cut it off and sold it,” said Della. “Don’t you like me now? I’m
me, Jim. I’m the same without my hair.”
Jim looked around the room.
“You say your hair is gone?” he said.
“You don’t have to look for it,” said Della. “It’s sold, I tell you—
sold and gone, too. It’s the night before Christmas, boy. Be good to me,
because I sold it for you. Maybe the hairs of my head could be counted,”
she said, “but no one could ever count my love for you. Shall we eat
dinner, Jim?”
Jim put his arms around his Della. For ten seconds let us look in
another direction. Eight dollars a week or a million dollars a year—
how different are they? Someone may give you an answer, but it will
be wrong. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among
them. My meaning will be explained soon.
From inside the coat, Jim took something tied in paper. He threw
it upon the table.
“I want you to understand me, Dell,” he said. “Nothing like a
haircut could make me love you any less. But if you’ll open that, you
may know what I felt when I came in.”
White fingers pulled off the paper. And then a cry of joy; and
then a change to tears.
For there lay The Combs—the combs that Della had seen in a
shop window and loved for a long time. Beautiful combs, with jewels,
perfect for her beautiful hair. She had known they cost too much for
her to buy them. She had looked at them without the least hope of
owning them. And now they were hers, but her hair was gone.
But she held them to her heart, and at last was able to look up
and say: “My hair grows so fast, Jim!”
And then she jumped up and cried, “Oh, oh!”
Jim had not yet seen his beautiful gift. She held it out to him in
her open hand. The gold seemed to shine softly as if with her own warm
and loving spirit.
“Isn’t it perfect, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You’ll have
to look at your watch a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch.
I want to see how they look together.”
Jim sat down and smiled.
“Della,” said he, “let’s put our Christmas gifts away and keep them
a while. They’re too nice to use now. I sold the watch to get the money
to buy the combs. And now I think we should have our dinner.”
The magi, as you know, were wise men—wonderfully wise men—
who brought gifts to the newborn Christ-child. They were the first to
give Christmas gifts. Being wise, their gifts were doubtless wise ones.
And here I have told you the story of two children who were not wise.
Each sold the most valuable thing he owned in order to buy a gift for
the other. But let me speak a last word to the wise of these days: Of all
who give gifts, these two were the most wise. Of all who give and receive
gifts, such as they are the most wise. Everywhere they are the wise ones.
They are the magi.
Կեղտոտ աղի մաքրումը
Մեզ ուսուցիչը մեզ տրամադրեց կեղտոտ կերակրի աղ որպիսի մենք մաքրենք։
Անհրաժեշտ սարքեր՝ ամրակալ, օղակ, ճենապակյա թաս, սպիրտայրոց, լուցկի, շտատիվ փորձանոթներ, բաժակ, ձագար, խողովակ։
- Աղը լուծել ջրում
- Ֆիլտրում
- Գոլորշիացում։
Ֆիլտրացման ժամանակ ձագարի շնորհիվ առանձնացնում ենք նստվածքը և մաքուր աղը, նստվածքը մնում է ձագարի մեջ, իսկ մաքուր աղը ջրի հետ առանձնացվում է փորձանոթի մեջ։
Աղաջուրը եռացնելով մենք գոլորշացնում ենք ջուրը և արդյունքում ստանում ենք մաքուր աղ։
«Մի նապաստակի օրագիր» պատմվածքի վերլուծությունը
Առավոտ շուտ դուրս եկա։ Խոտերին ծառերին փաթաթված կաղամբի գույնով մի արև տեսա, արևը հոտոտեցի, ետ ու առաջ գնացի զգույշ աղմուկ է, իսկույն տուն մտա ու հսկեցի, ոչինչ՝ ընթամենը մի տերև վայր ընկավ։ Նորից դուրս եկա չորս կողմս նայեցի ու հոպ ցատկեցի բանջարանոց։ Այս թռչունները որքան շաղակրատ են, Աստված իմ այս կողմ է թռչում, այն կողմ է թռչում, կտուցները այս կողմ կխփեն, այն կողմ կխփեն ու թև թևի չգիտես ինչ աշխարհներ կթռչի։ Սիրտս կդողա, երբ նրանց ստվերները հանկարծ կողքովս կանցնեն։ Որքան ես էլ կուզեի ուրիշ աշխարհներ տեսնել եթե ես էլ թռչունի պես թևեր ունենալ։
A landmark for the new millennium
Have you seen the photos of the London Eye? The London Eye is a giant observation wheel is located in the Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank of the river Thames. The structure is designed by the architectural team of David Marks and Julia Barfield, husband and wife. They submitted their idea for a large observation wheel as part of a competition to design a landmark for the new millennium. None of the entrants won the competition. However, the couple pressed on and eventually got the backing of British Airways, who sponsored their project.
Locate, design, win, they
The name of Alaska
Do you know the origin of the place name Alaska? The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsxaq, means “an object toward which the action of the sea is directed” – that is, the mainland. It is also known as Alyeska, the “great land”, an Aleut word formed from the same root. Its nicknames are the Land of the Midnight Sun and America’s Last Frontier. Its first nicknames were “Seward’s folly” and “Seward’s icebox” to laugh at the secretary of state who negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which is consider foolish at the time.
Nevsky Prospect
Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, showing the original width of the avenue . After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road connecting these two important structures with each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, which was not as straight as it was planned , but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, and a few rows of trees were planted along the street It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America had their offices there. Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F and hotels there or nearby the avenue .